Historical Outline Classical Greece to Byzantine Age
490 BCE Athens defeats Persia at Marathon 480 Spartans fight to death against Persians at Thermopylae Greeks defeat Persians at Salamis CLASSICAL AGE IN GREECE 431 Peloponnesian War begins 404 Peloponnesian War ends: Athens surrenders 400 Period of alliances and wars among (depleted) Greek city states 350(ca) Rise of Philip of Macedonia 336 Philip dies; Alexander inherits throne ALEXANDER'S CONQUESTS 323 Death of Alexander Period of struggles among successors 300(ca) HELLENISTIC AGE Emergence of 3 Hellenistic monarchies Egypt (Ptolemies) Macedonia (including Greece) Mid-East (Seleucid) Continued warfare 200(ca) Beginning of Macedonian Wars with Rome 168 Rome victorious in Third Macedonian War 147 Greek cities defeated by Rome in Fourth Macedonian War 89-70s Mithridatic Wars in Asia Minor: Roman pacification of Asia Minor 49-31 Roman Civil Wars (fought largely in Hellenistic world) 31 Battle of Actium: Octavian (Augustus) defeats Antony ROMAN EMPIRE 31 BCE- Roman peace 235 AD Emergence of Christianity Persecution of Christians 235 Barbarian invasions of Roman Empire 275 Aurelian restores (weakened) Roman Empire 290(ca) Diocletian extends, reorganizes Empire 305(ca) Succession struggles Constantine adopts Christianity 324 Constantine defeats Licinius and becomes sole emperor 330 Constantine founds New Rome (Constantinople): Christian capitol, focus of Roman Empire in east (Start of Roman Empire in Christian Form: EAST ROMAN or BYZANTINE EMPIRE)