Program in Greece and Turkey
GENERAL TIMELINE
DATE HISTORY CULTURE
3000BCE Immigrations on Crete Early Minoan pottery
Metallurgy on Crete
2500 Immigrations on mainland
HEIGHT OF EARLY CYCLADIC Cyclades: marble figurines, eggshell ware
CULTURE pottery
Early Helladic pottery
2000 First palaces on Crete Middle Minoan pottery
Middle Helladic pottery
1700 HEIGHT OF MINOAN CIVILIZATION Linear A script: Crete
1500 Mycenaean Age opens Late Helladic pottery
Thera volcano Shaft graves: Mycenae
Minoan civilization in decline Late Minoan pottery
Lion Gate: Mycenae
Linear B script
1400 HEIGHT OF MYCENAEAN CULTURE
Final destruction of Knossos
1300
Mycenaean victory over Troy
Mycenaean civilization
past zenith: destruction
begins (Simple) granary style
pottery at Mycenae
1200
Depopulation, decline on
mainland
Final destruction of Mycenae
1100 DARK AGE: Doric migrations
(Iron introduced) Protogeometric pottery
1000 Formation of Greek city-states
900 Geometric art
800 Lycourgos: lawgiver at Sparta Development of Greek alphabet
Colonizing period Homer
Olympic games instituted
700 Sparta defeated at Hysiai ARCHAIC PERIOD BEGINS
Spartan reorganization Delphi a major oracular site
Tyrants in many cities Dedaelic style sculpture
Hesiod
Oriental influences on art
700s (cont) First Greek coins: Miletus
Kouroi figures
Doric, Ionic orders
Periander tyrant at Corinth Greek temple emerges
Draco's reforms: Athens Proto-Attic style pottery
600 Solon's reforms: Athens Black figure ware pottery begins
Olympia: temple to Hera
Sappho
Thales
PEISISTRATOS tyrant at Athens Original theater at Thorikos
Athens: archaic acropolis
Panathenaic festival founded
Red figure ware pottery begins
CLEISTHENES'S reforms: Athens Korai figures
Pythagoras
Pindar
500 PERSIAN WARS Severe style sculpture
CLASSICAL PERIOD BEGINS
Athens's DELIAN LEAGUE Olympia: temple to Zeus
Delphi: Athenian Treasury
Athenian acropolis: Parthenon,
Age of Pericles Erechtheion, Propylaia
Sculpture: Polykleitos, Pheidias, Praxiteles
Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides
PELOPONNESIAN WARS Comedy: Aristophanes
Pericles dies History: Herodotus, Thucydides
Philosophy: Parmenides, Sophists, Socrates
Athens surrenders, White ground (clay slip) pottery
Sparta supreme
Athens restores democracy Corinthian order
Delphi: Spartan monument
400 Athens, Argos, Corinth, Thebes Plato
against Sparta
King's Peace (Persia)
imposed on Greeks
Sparta defeated by Thebes, Delphi: Marmaria tholos; third
Thebes supreme stone temple to Apollo
Aristotle
Sparta and Athens against
Thebes,
Thebes loses supremacy Mausoleum at Halicarnassos
Philip king of Macedonia
Philip defeats Thebes, Athens
Philip head of Corinthian League
Philip dies, Alexander inherits
throne
ALEXANDER"S CONQUESTS
Alexander dies HELLENISTIC AGE BEGINS
Didyma: Hellenistic temple to Apollo
Individualism rises
300 HELLENISTIC MONARCHIES Diogenes (Cynicism)
Epicureanism
300s (cont.) Stoicism (Zeno)
Achaean and Aetolian Leagues Ptolemaic science: Alexandria
in Greece Euclid
Archimedes
200 Macedonian Wars (with Rome)
Macedonia a Roman Province Sculpture: Venus de Milo
Corinth head of Achaean
League against Rome
Corinth destroyed by Rome,
deserted for one century
100 Rome squelches Mithridatic
uprising
Athens sacked by Sulla
Roman civil wars begin
Julius Caesar active in Athens Athens continues as intellectual center
Julius Caesar refounds Corinth Roman agora at Athens
as Roman city Temples moved to Athens's agora
Battle of Actium: ROMAN EMPIRE ROMAN AGE
0 Roman Peace begins
Athens: temple of Olympian Zeus
Emergence of Christianity Hadrian's Arch
100 AD Persecution of Christians
begins Ephesus: Roman revisions to theater;
Celsus library
Herodes Atticus active in Greece
200 Barbarian invasions
Aurelian restores (weakened)
empire
Diocletian extends, reorganizes
empire
300 Succession struggles
Constantine adopts Christianity
Constantine becomes sole emperor
CONSTANTINOPLE FOUNDED:
second Rome:
Christian capital FOUNDATION FOR BYZANTINE AGE
St. Sophia built
Monasticism begins
400 Monophysite controversy
500 Justinian: reconquest of west Justinian's Law Code
St. Sophia (rebuilt)
600 BYZANTINE EMPIRE:
consolidation of east;
west lost to empire
Beginning of tension with
Arab Muslims
Heraclid Dynasty
700 Isaurian Dynasty Iconoclastic Dispute
800 Amorian Dynasty
Macedonian Dynasty begins GOLDEN AGE
Nea (New Church) built
900
1000 Macedonian Dynasty ends
Byzantium
1100
1200 Constantinople captured by
Crusaders
Constantinople retaken by
Byzantines: Palaeologi Literary and artistic
renaissance under Palaeologi
1300
Ottoman Turks attack empire
1400 CONSTANTINOPLE FALLS to
Ottoman Turks; end of
Byzantine Empire
(1453)