HISTORY 263
American Cities
Lake Forest College
Professor Ebner [YO-514]
http://www.lfc.edu/~ebner
Extension 5135 or ebner@lfc.edu

Research Project # 2
Analyzing the Metropolitan Populations of
America’s Twenty-Eight Largest Cities in 1950 and 2000

Five Key URLs for this Project

#1 
 http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html
Campbell Gibson, Population of the 100 Largest Cities and other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, Population Division Working Paper No. 27 (Washington: U.S. Bureau of the Census, June, 1998)
#2

http://www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/volii/county_comp2b.html
County composition in US metropolitan areas, 1940 thru 2000 (Public Use Microdata Series [IPUMS-98], created at the University of Minnesota in October 1997).

#3 

http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/phc-t5.html
US Census Bureau ranking tables for cities with populations of 100,000 + as of 2000

#4 
http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/
United States Bureau of Census web site, listing state populations by county
#5 
http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/sf3pros/index.htm
Missouri Census Data Center
in the Office of the Secretary of State

Each one of you has been assigned a different city. Yours is _________ .

A POINT OF CLARIFICATION:   I selected the twenty-eight largest cities (New York is # 1, Portland is # 28) corresponding to the number of students enrolled in History 263. 

PART # 1:    Measuring your city within the national urban network

TABLE 1:  Create a table that displays the population ranking (1 thru 100) of your city, beginning with the earliest decade for which census data is listed and moving forward to 2000.  In this table you must also display information for the city just above it (unless it is first) and just below it. (The city below it and above it will be different in each decade.)  Consult URL with the working paper by Campbell Gibson.

            Charlotte’s national ranking since becoming a top-100 city

 

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

city immediately above

Duluth

MN

Albany

NY

Mobile

AL

Dayton,

OH

Newark

NJ

St. Louis MO

Nashville

TN

Charlotte, NC

# 90

#70

#59

#60

#47

#35

# 26

city immediately below

Utica

NY

Gary

 IN

Albuquerque

NM

St. Petersburg FL

Omaha

 NE

Atlanta

 GA

Fort

Worth TX

TABLE 2:  Create another table detailing the following: (column 1) total population of your city, listed from the earliest year for which data is reported thru 2000; (column 2) the per decade percentages of population change (increase or decrease) for your city, again from the earliest year for which data is reported thru 2000.

TABLE 3:  Create still another table displaying the population ranking of your city compared with the other top 100 cities but only within its designated census region. [consult the list in Appendix A of this assignment].  Reach as far backward into the past as possible all the way up through 2000. [HINT: you do not have to cover every ten-year interval in this table.  Instead, construct a time series with evenly proportioned intervals of every thirty or forty years (e.g., 1800, 1840, 1880, 1920, 1960, and 2000).

PART # 2: Constructing a statistical snapshot of your city as a metropolitan area in 1950 and in 2000.

TABLE # 4:  Utilizing the census data for 1950 and 2000  as your baseline, this part of the assignment has to do with the key issue of population distribution between your city and its adjacent suburban counties that comprise its metropolitan area.  FOR EXAMPLE: The population of the city of Charlotte, NC in 2000--the nation’s thirty-fifth largest city--was 395,934.  But the population of its metropolitan area was 1,162,093.  Hence, just 34 percent of the population in metropolitan Charlotte resided within the city.  Calculate these the urban/suburban proportions for 1950 and for 2000.  

  • Consult URL #2 (see box on page 1 of this assignment) for a listing of the counties that comprise your city’s metropolitan area in 1950 and in 2000.  Remember, the number of counties in your city’s metropolitan areas in 1950 will be fewer than in 2000.  In all probability, moreover, the proportion of people residing in the suburban counties as of 2000 will be significantly higher in 2000 than in 1950. 
  • Consult URL # 4 for a link that will take you to county-by-county populations, organized by each state.

PART # 3: Writing your city's historical biography.

Compose a 500 word (two, double-spaced printed pages) historical biography of your city, from its establishment until 2000. You must rely upon Both electronic and printed sources. Be certain to cite your sources appropriately (using endnotes and providing a bibliography of sources cited.)  NOTE: You are required to consult the three volumes by the historical geographer D. W. Meinig (cited on page 12 of this packet) to fit your city into its regional and national networks.

Your essay must include the following three dimensions:

Date plus circumstances of its founding

  • Reasons explaining its initial urban development

Geographic

  • economic
  • international
  • political
  • military
  • demographic
  • technological
  • transportation

Factors that altered its urban evolution since 1945

  • economic
  • international
  • political
  • military
  • demographic
  • technological
  • transportation

Consult Appendix B for bibliographical information that will assist you in writing about your city

PART # 4: Assessing your city, regionally and nationally

Utilizing Tables 1 thru 5 for your statistical data, frame your city both regionally and nationally.  Address each of the following:

  • Assess  whether your city constitutes the largest city within its census region in 1950 and in 2000?  If not, where does it rank?  What are the cities within the region ahead of it?  Behind it?  How has its regional rank changed since 1950?  Was your city ever the number one city within its region?
  • Assess whether your city constitutes the largest city within its state in 1950 and 2000?  If not, where does it rank?  What are the cities within the state ahead of it?  Behind it?  How has its state rank changed since 1950?  Was your city ever the number one city within its state?
  • Assess whether your city’s total population has risen or fallen when measured both regionally as well as nationally.
  • Assess non-white proportion of the total population in 2000 (including proportional ranking of African Americans, Asians & Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics) both within your city as well as within its metropolitan area.
  • After completing each of the four assessments, please draw your own conclusions--as to whether your city’s overall circumstances are (1) rising, (2) steady, or (3) declining.  This conclusion must be supported by your statistical tables plus the historical information you in Part 3 of this assignment.

Your paper must include ...

#1:  The five statistical tables specified in Parts 1-3 of this assignment.  (Additional tables are welcomed!)  Need help constructing artful and well-designed statistical tables?    Consult Diane Snedden, Academic Technology Specialist, in Library 233 (x 5113).  Do not wait until the last minute!

#2:  The 500 word historical biography of your city, conforming to the specifications itemized in Part 4.   You must rely upon Both electronic and printed sources. Be certain to cite your sources appropriately (using endnotes and providing a bibliography of sources cited.)  You must consult and cite the Meinig volumes on this section!

#3:  Analysis each of the four assessment issues that is listed in Part 4.

#4:  A current-day map, located on the WWW, that situates your city and its surrounding metropolis.  Be certain to provide the complete bibliographic information about the source of your map + date of access.

#5:  A list of at least five URLs that you found to be useful, as well as intellectually credible, in conducting research about your city.  (A good place to begin this pursuit is the very powerful search engine whose URL is <http://www.google.com> as well as Professor Ebner’s web page <http://www.lfc.edu/~ebner/Links.html>

#6:  A minimum of three (3) well-selected photographs, located on the WWW.  Be certain to provide the bibliographic source for each photograph plus the date of access.

#7: Appropriate footnotes (MLA style) and a bibliographic of print and on-line sources.

Please consult the rubric to be used in the evaluation of Research Project 2.

(And what is the expected length of my paper, including the tables, pictures, map, endnotes, and bibliography?  While it is difficult to provide a precise answer to this inevitable question, an approximate figure is 12-15 pages (including tables, maps, illustrations, and bibliography).

Please number every page (a half-letter grade will be charged for failure to do so.)  Also, be sure to secure your paper, in the upper left hand corner, with a firm clasp or a large paper clip (again, if you don’t, a half-letter grade will be deducted).  Plastic or vinyl binders are unwelcomed.

 


DUE DATE: April 23 (F) at 11:00 AM

LATE PAPERS will be penalized one full letter grade per twenty-four hours (including weekend).  For instance:  a B+ paper handed in two days late will receive grade of D+.  No papers will be accepted after April 26 (M) at 11:00 AM.    Failure to hand in a paper at all will result in a grade of zero on this assignment rather than an F.  (An F = 58 points.)  Blaming a late paper on a computer malfunction is not a legitimate excuse!  Neither faxed papers nor e-mailed will be accepted under any circumstances.

Office Hours (YO-514)

NO APPOINTMENT NEEDED DURING OFFICE HOURS.  JUST STOP IN!

Monday: 4:00-4:45 PM

Tuesdays & Thursdays: Noon-12:45 PM

If you wish to schedule an appointment at another time, you are encouraged and welcomed to do so.

You may call me at x 5135

or contact me via e-mail at ebner@lfc.edu.

                                                APPENDIX A


Specific questions about this map may be directed to:

Barbara Fichman 
barbara.fichman@eia.doe.gov 
Phone: 202-586-5737
Fax: 202-586-0018
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/reps/maps/us census.html

POPULATION RANKINGS: 2000

1.   New York, NY City: Northeast                                    

2.   Los Angeles, CA: West

3.   Chicago, IL: North Central

4.   Houston, TX: South

5.   Philadelphia, PA: Northeast

6.   Phoenix, AZ: West

7.   San Diego, CA: West

8.   Dallas, TX: South

9.   San Antonio, TX: South

10.  Detroit, MI: North Central

11.  San Jose, CA: West

12.  Indianapolis, IN: North Central

13.  San Francisco, CA: West

14:  Jacksonville, FL: South

15.  Columbus, OH: North Central

16:  Austin, TX: South

17.  Baltimore, MD: South 

18.  Memphis: South

19.  Milwaukee, WI: North Central

20 : Boston, MA: Northeast

21:  Washington, DC: South

22:  El Paso, TX: South

23.  Seattle, WA: West

24:  Denver, CO: West

25.  Nashville, TN: South

26: Charlotte, NC: South

27: Fort Worth, TX: South

28: Portland, OR: West


APPENDIX B

Bibliographic Guide


+   signifies a book on open reserve in Donnelley Library

#      General Books (all on open reserve)

+Lemon, James, Liberal Dreams and Nature's Limits:  Great Cities of North America Since 1600 (Oxford University Press, 1996).

+Hall, Peter, Cities and Civilization (Pantheon, 1998).

D. W. Meinig

 The Shaping of America,

A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History (1986-    )

These three books are on closed reserve!

You are required to integrate (and cite) the books in this is series as you geographically define your city within its regional as well as national networks of American cities:

Meinig, D. W., The Shaping of America, A Geographic Perspective on 500 Years of History, Vol. 1, Atlantic America, 1492-1800 (Yale University Press, 1986).

                   , The Shaping of America, A Geographic Perspective on 500 Years of History, Vol. 2, Continental America, 1800-1867 (Yale University Press, 1993).

                   , The Shaping of America, A Geographic Perspective on 500 Years of History, Vol. 3, Transcontinental America, 1850-1915 (Yale University Press, 1998).

Volumes four and five are in preparation.


Baltimore, Maryland               # 17 in 2000       # 6 in 1950

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol 2, chapter 1

Anderson, Alan B., The Origins and Resolutions of an Urban Crisis, Baltimore, 1890-1930 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977).

Browne, Gary L., Baltimore in the Nation.  1789-1981 (University of North Carolina Press 1990).

Olson, Sherry H., Baltimore, The Building of an American City, expanded bicentennial edition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:61-64.

Boston, Massachusetts      # 20 in 2000      # 10 in 1950

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 1, chapter 2.

Ronald Formisano & Constance Burns (Eds.), Boston, 1790-1980: The Evolution of Urban Politics (Greenwood Press, 1984).

Ronald Formisano, Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s (University of North Carolina Press, 1991).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol 1:93-97.

Charlotte, North Carolina      # 26 in 2000        # 70 in 1950

Greenwood, Janette Thomas, Bittersweet Legacy, The Black and White "Better Class" in Charlotte, 1850-1910 (University of North Carolina Press, 1994).

Hanchett, Thomas W., Sorting Out the New South City, Race, Class, and Urban Development in Charlotte, 1875-1975 (University of North Carolina Press, 1998).

+Wilson, Charles Reagan & William R. Ferris (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Southern Culture (University of North Carolina Press, 1989).

Chicago, Illinois         # 3 in 2000              # 2 in 1950

+Abu-Lughod, Janet, New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles: America’s Global Cities (University of Minnesota Press, 1999).

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 3, chapter 4

Cronon, William, Nature's Metropolis, Chicago and the Great West (W. W. Norton, 1991).

Keating, Ann Durkin, Building Chicago, Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Ohio State University Press, 1988).

Miller, Donald L., City of the Century, The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America (Simon & Schuster, 1996).

Rast, Joel, Remaking Chicago, The Political Origins of Urban Industrial Change (Northern Illinois University Press, 1999).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:147-50.

Spinney, Robert, City of Big Shoulders, A History of Chicago (Northern Illinois University Press, 2000).

.Columbus, Ohio     # 15 in 2000                        # 28 in 1950

Blackford, Mansel G., A Portrait Cast in Steel:  Buckeye International and Columbus, Ohio,  1881-1980 (Greenwood, 1982).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol 1:191-92.

+Teaford, Jon C., Cities of the Heartland, The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest (Indiana University Press, 1993).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:191-92.

Dallas, Texas     # 8 in 2000                               # 22 in 1950

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 4, chapter 1.

Fairbanks, Robert B., For the City as a Whole, Planning, Politics, and the Public Interest in Dallas, Texas, 1900-1965 (Ohio State University Press, 1999).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:230-32.

Denver, Colorado        # 24 in 2000           # 24 in 1950

+ Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press,  1993).

+Barth, Gunther, Instant Cities:  Urbanization and the Rise of San Francisco and Denver (Oxford University Press, 1975).

 Lyle Dorsett & Michael McCarthy, The Queen City: A History of Denver (Pruett, 1986).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:238-41.

Detroit, Michigan      # 10 in 2000              # 5 in 1950

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 3, chapter 5

Henrickson, Wilma, Detroit Perspectives, Crossroads and Turning Points (Wayne State University Press, 1988).

Katzman, David M., Before the Ghetto, Black Detroit in the Nineteenth Century (University of Illinois Press, 1973).

Schneider, John C., Detroit and the Problem of Order, 1830-1860: A Geography of Crime, Riot, and Policing (University of Nebraska Press, 1980).

Sugrue, Thomas J. The Origins of the Urban Crisis, Race and Inequality in Postwar  Detroit (Princeton University Press, 1996).

+Teaford, Jon C., Cities of the Heartland, The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest (Indiana University Press, 1993).

Thomas, June Manning, Redevelopment and Race, Planning a Finer City in Postwar Detroit (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).

Zunz, Olivier,  The Changing Face of Inequality:  Urbanization, Industrial Development, and Immigrant in Detroit, 1880-1920 (University of Chicago Press, 1982).

El Paso, Texas      # 22 in 2000                  # 76 in 1950

+Miller, Char & Heywood T. Sanders (Eds.), Urban Texas, Politics and Development (Texas A & M University Press, 1989).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Luckingham, Bradford, The Urban Southwest:  A Profile of History of Albuquerque, El Paso, Phoenix, and Tucson (Texas Western Press, 1983).

+ Wheeler, Kenneth, To Wear a City's Crown:  The Beginnings of Urban Growth in Texas, 1836-1865 (Harvard University Press, 1968).

Fort Worth, Texas      # 27 in 2000                 # 38 in 1950

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol 4, chapter 1

+Miller, Char & Heywood T. Sanders (Eds.), Urban Texas, Politics and Development (Texas A & M University Press, 1989).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+ Wheeler, Kenneth, To Wear a City's Crown:  The Beginnings of Urban Growth in Texas, 1836-1865 (Harvard University Press, 1968).

Houston, Texas        # 4 in 2000                # 14 in 1950  

Bullard, Robert D., Invisible Houston, The Black Experience in Boom and Bust (Texas A&M University Press, 1987).

Feagin, Joe R., Free Enterprise City, Houston in Political and Economic Perspective (Rutgers University Press, 1988).

McComb, David G., Houston, a History (University of Texas Press, 1981.

+Miller, Char & Heywood T. Sanders (Eds.), Urban Texas, Politics and Development (Texas A & M University Press, 1989).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

Platt, Harold, City Building in the New South, The Growth of Public Services in Houston, 1830-1915 (Temple University Press, 1983).

Rosales, Francisco & Barry J. Kaplan (Eds.), Houston:  A Twentieth-Century Urban Frontier (Associated Faculty Press, 1983).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:365-68.

+ Wheeler, Kenneth, To Wear a City's Crown:  The Beginnings of Urban Growth in Texas, 1836-1865 (Harvard University Press, 1968).

+Wilson, Charles Reagan & William R. Ferris (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Southern Culture (University of North Carolina Press, 1989), pgs. 1457-58.

Indianapolis, Indiana      # 12 in 2000               # 23 in 1950

Bodenhamer, David et al. (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis (Indiana University Press, 1994).

+Madison, James H. (Ed.), Heartland, Comparative Histories of Midwestern States (Indiana University Press, 1988).   [read chapter on Indiana]

James, C. Owen & York Wilbern, Governing Metropolitan Indianapolis: The Politics of UNIGOV (University of California Press, 1985).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:376-78.

+ Teaford, Jon C., Cities of the Heartland, The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest (Indiana University Press, 1993).

Jacksonville, Florida        # 14 in 2000                    # 49 in 1950

Buker, George E., Jacksonville:  Riverport-Seaport (University of South Carolina Press, 1992).

Crooks, James, Jacksonville After the Fire, 1901-1919:  A New South City (University Presses of Florida, 1991).

Miller, Randall M. & George E. Pozzetta (Ed.), Shades of the Sunbelt : essays on ethnicity, race, and the urban South (Greenwood Press, 1988). [consult chapter on urbanization of Florida by Raymond A. Mohl]

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:389-91

Los Angeles, California     # 2 in 2000             # 4 in 1950

+ Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+Abu-Lughod, Janet, New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles: America’s Global Cities (University of Minnesota Press, 1999).

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 4, chapter 5

Bobo, Lawrence D., (Ed.) Prismatic Metropolis : Inequality in Los Angeles (Russell Sage Foundation, 2000)

Bottles, Scott L., Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (University of California Press, 1987).

Davis, Mike, City of Quartz, Excavating the Future of Los Angeles (London:  Verso, 1991).

Fogelson, Robert M., The Fragmented Metropolis:  Los Angeles, 1850-1930 (Harvard University Press, 1967).

Hise, Greg, Magnetic Los Angeles, Planning the Twentieth-Century Metropolis (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

+Pincetl, Stephanie Sabine, Transforming California: A Political History of land Use and Development (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

Pitt, Leonard Pitt & Dale Pitt, Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County (University of California Press, 1997).    [in Donnelley Library’s reference collection]

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 1:437-41.

Waldinger, Roger & Mehdi Bozorgmehr (Eds.), Ethnic Los Angeles (Russell Sage Foundation, 1996).

Memphis, Tennessee     # 18 in 2000                  # 26 in 1950

Biles, Roger, Memphis in the Great Depression (University of Tennessee Press, 1986).

Capers, Gerald M., The Biography of a River Town:  Memphis, Its Heroic Age (University of North Carolina Press, 1939).

Pohlman, Marcus D. & Michael P. Kirby, Racial Politics at the Crossroads, Memphis Elects Dr. W. W. Herenton (University of Tennessee Press, 1996).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:454-55 .

Tucker, David M., Memphis Since Crump:  Bossism, Blacks, and Civil Reformers, 1948-69 (University of Tennessee Press, 1980).

+Wilson, Charles Reagan & William R. Ferris (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Southern Culture (University of North Carolina Press, 1989), pg. 1460.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin     # 19 in 2000               # 13 in 1950

Aderman, Ralph M. (Ed.), Trading Post to Metropolis:  Milwaukee County's First 150 Years (Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1987).

Conzen, Kathleen Neils, Immigrant Milwaukee, 1836-1860: Accommodation and Community in a Frontier City (Harvard University Press, 1976).

Korman, Gerd, Industrialization, Immigrants, and Americanization:  The View from Milwaukee, 1866-1921 (State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1967).

Orum, Anthony M., City-building in America (Westview Press, 1995).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:473-75 .

Still, Bayrd, Milwaukee:  The History of a City (State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1965 edition).

+ Teaford, Jon C., Cities of the Heartland, The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Midwest (Indiana University Press, 1993).

 Trotter, Joe, Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat (University of Illinois Press, 1985).

Nashville, Tennessee      # 25 in 2000               # 56 in 1950

James F. Blumenstein & Benjamin Walter (Eds.), Growing Metropolis: Aspects of Development in Nashville (Vanderbilt University Press, 1975.

Don H. Doyle, Nashville in the New South, 1880-1930 (University of Tennessee Press, 1985).

Don H. Doyle, Nashville since the 1920s (University of Tennessee Press, 1985).

+Wilson, Charles Reagan & William R. Ferris (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Southern Culture (University of North Carolina Press, 1989).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:505-07.

New York City              # 1 in 2000     and     # 1 in 1950

+Abu-Lughod, Janet, New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles: America’s Global Cities (University of Minnesota Press, 1999).

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 1, chapter 3

Archdeacon, Thomas J., New York City, 1664-1710 (Cornell University Press, 1975).

Burrows, Edwin & Mike Wallace, Gotham, A History of New York City to 1898 (Oxford University Press, 1998).

Jackson, Kenneth T. (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of New York City (Yale University Press, 1995). [in Donnelley Library’s reference collection]

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:529-36.

Sutcliffe, Anthony (Ed.), Metropolis, 1890-1940 (University of Chicago Press, 1984). [see chapter by Kenneth T. Jackson]

Waldinger, Roger, Still the Promised City?  African-Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York (Harvard University Press, 1996).

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania       # 5 in 2000                 # 3 in 1950

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 1, chapter 4

Bridenbaugh, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Rebels and Gentlemen, Philadelphia in the Age of Franklin (Reynal & Hitchcock, 1942).

Doerflinger, Thomas M., A Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise:  Merchants and Economic Development in Revolutionary Philadelphia (University of North Carolina Press, 1986).

Lindstrom, Diane, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (Columbia University Press, 1978).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:559-63.

Warner, Sam Bass, Jr., The Private City, Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1968).

Weigley, Russell F. (Ed.), Philadelphia, A 300 Year History (W. W. Norton, 1982).

Phoenix, Arizona            # 6 in 2000                          # 99 in 1950

+ Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+Bernard, Richard (Ed.), Sunbelt Cities, Politics and Growth since World War II (University of Texas Press, 1983). [chapter by Bradford Luckingham]

 Johnson, G. Wesley (Ed.), Phoenix in the Twentieth Century (University of Oklahoma Press, 1994).

+Luckingham, Bradford, The Urban Southwest:  A Profile of History of Albuquerque, El Paso, Phoenix, and Tucson (Texas Western Press, 1983).

                               , Phoenix:  The History of a Southwestern Metropolis (University of Arizona Press, 1989).

                                  , Minorities in Phoenix, A Profile of Mexican American, Chinese American, and African American Communities, 1860-1992 (University of Arizona Press, 1994).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:565-56.

Portland, Oregon      # 28 in 2000       # 29 in 1950

Abbott, Carl, Portland:  Planning, Politics, and Growth in a Twentieth-Century City (University of Nebraska Press, 1983).

+Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

San Antonio, Texas          # 9 in 2000             # 25 in 1950

+Bernard, Richard (Ed.), Sunbelt Cities, Politics and Growth since World War II (University of Texas Press, 1983). [chapter by David R. Johnson]

Blackwelder, Julia Kirk, Women of the Depression, Caste and Culture in San Antonio, 1929-1939 (Texas A&M University Press, 1984).

Garcia, Richard A., Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class, San Antonio, 1929-1941 (Texas A&M University Press, 1991).

Johnson, David, et al., (Eds.), The Politics of San Antonio: Community, Progress, and Power (University of Nebraska Press, 1983).

+Miller, Char & Heywood T. Sanders (Eds.), Urban Texas, Politics and Development (Texas A & M University Press, 1989).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:683-85.

+Wheeler, Kenneth, To Wear a City's Crown:  The Beginnings of Urban Growth in Texas, 1836-1865 (Harvard University Press, 1968).

San Diego, California        # 7 in 2000                  # 31 in 1950

+Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+ Bernard, Richard (Ed.), Sunbelt Cities, Politics and Growth since World War II (University of Texas Press, 1983)   [chapter by Anthony W. Corso]

+Fairbanks, Robert B. and Kathleen Underwood (Eds.), Essays on Sunbelt Cities and Recent Urban America  (Texas A & M University Press, 1989). [chapter by Roger W. Lotchin]

+  Lotchin, Roger W. (Ed.), The Martial Metropolis:  U.S. Cities in War and Peace, 1900-1970 (Praeger Publishers, 1984).

+ Lotchin, Roger W. , Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare (Oxford University Press, 1992).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of  the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

+Pincetl, Stephanie Sabine, Transforming California: A Political History of land Use and Development (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:685-88.

San Francisco, California        # 13 in 2000               # 11 in 1950

+Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 2, chapter 3

+Barth, Gunther, Instant Cities:  Urbanization and the Rise of San Francisco and Denver (Oxford University Press, 1975).

Brechin, Gary, Imperial San Francisco, Urban Power, Earthly Ruin (University of California Press, 1999).

Lotchin, Roger W., San Francisco, 1846-1856, From Hamlet to City (Oxford University Press, 1974).

+Lotchin, Roger W. (Ed.), The Martial Metropolis:  U.S. Cities in War and Peace, 1900-1970 (Praeger Publishers, 1984).

+                             , Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare (Oxford University Press, 1992).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

+Pincetl, Stephanie Sabine, Transforming California: A Political History of land Use and Development (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:688-91.

San Jose, California       # 11 in 2000            not in top 100 until 1960 (#57)

+Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+ Lotchin, Roger W. (Ed.), The Martial Metropolis:  U.S. Cities in War and Peace, 1900-1970 (Praeger Publishers, 1984).

+                                  , Fortress California, 1910-1961: From Warfare to Welfare (Oxford University Press, 1992).

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994), pgs. 535-564.

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

+Pincetl, Stephanie Sabine, Transforming California: A Political History of land Use and Development (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

Seattle, Washington      # 23 in 2000           # 19 in 1950

+Abbott, Carl, The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (University of Arizona Press, 1993).

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol. 3. Chapter 7.

+Clyde Milner II et al., (Eds)., The Oxford History of the American West (Oxford University Press, 1994).

+Nugent, Walter T. K., Into the West: The Story of its People (Knopf, 2000).

Washington, D.C.      # 21 in 2000                           # 9 in 1950

Abbott, Carl, Political Terrain, Washington, D.C., from Tidewater Town to Global Metropolis (University of North Carolina Press, 1999).

+Adams, John S., Contemporary Metropolian America, 4 volumes (Ballinger, 1976): vol 4, chapter 6

Gillette, Howard Jr., Between Justice and Beauty:  Race, Planning, and the Failure of Urban Policy in Washington, D.C. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).

Green, Constance McLaughlin, Washington: A History of the Capital, 1800-1950 (Princeton University Press, 1976).

+Shumsky, Neil Larry, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Urban America, The Cities and Suburbs, 2 vols. (ABC-Clio, Inc., 1999), vol. 2:863-67.

Name of student

Evaluation Rubric

for Research Project #2

 

Excellent

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Quality of writing

     

Accuracy of spelling (use spell check)

     

Organization of paper

     

     Part # 1

      Measuring your city

     

     Part # 2

      Statistical snapshot

     

     Part # 3

      Historical  biography

     

     Part # 4

      Assessments

     

Use of Meinig books

     

Integrating printed & electronic sources

     

Quality of statistical tables design

     

Quality of photographs & source citations

     

Quality of map & source citation

     

Quality of URL choices

     

Quality of endnotes & bibliography

     

                      GRADE on project #2